| Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran, Inc.
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| International Cooperative Research Efforts |
| Documentary sources on the Chinese in the Philippines.
A joint research project between the Institute of Modern History, Academia
Sinica of Taiwan, and the Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran and the National Historical
Institute in the Philippines undertaken from 1992 to 1994 through funding
provided by the Chiang Ching Kuo Foundation in Taipei, Taiwan. The project
included such research activities as: |
- Documentation of data from tombstones in Chinese cemeteries all over the country (computer database program). Tombstones from 20 Chinese cemeteries scattered all over the Philippines
were photographed. It took half a year to photograph 33,372 tombs from the
northernmost part to the southernmost part of the Philippines. Data from
the tombstones were entered into a systematized computer database program.
Results of the data showed for instance that Chen (or Tan in Hokkien) is
the most prevalent surname (9.85 percent), followed by Tsai (or Chua, 8.85
percent), Shih (or Sy/See, 7.85 percent), Wu (or Go, 6.21 percent), Huang
(or Uy, 6.02 percent), Lin (or Lim, 5.94 percent), and so on. As to the
origins of the Fujian immigrants, 68.67 percent came from Jinjiang, 14.85
percent from Nan-an, 3.13 percent from Hui-an, and 1.95 percent from Xiamen,
and so on. Likewise, the data showed that for the Cantonese immigrants,
15 percent came from Toishan, 4 percent from Kaiping, 2 percent from Chongshan,
and 1 percent from Shantou. Other important data include the more prevalent
surnames in key cities in the Philippines, i.e. Go's are prevalent in Cebu,
Ang and Te are prevalent in Davao.
- Microfilming of Spanish archive materials
pertaining to the Chinese in the Philippines in the National Archives of
the Philippines. A total of 720 reels of microfilms or a total shoot (exposure)
of 1.4 million documents in Spanish were completed in the project. Most
of the archive documents were already fragile with age (dating from 1522
to 1899). The original copy of the microfilms was given to the Institute
of Modern History in Taiwan but a duplicate copy was provided to the Philippine
National Archives. Henceforth, these materials will now be readily accessible
to researchers. Should the Kaisa Heritage Center have funds, a copy of the microfilms will
be requested for our own safekeeping. Other archival materials retrieved
and utilized were the Philippine Revolutionary Records from 1898 to 1902.
Data from these sources were gathered and published into a monograph, The
Ethnic Chinese in the Philippine Revolution, jointly authored by Go Bon Juan and Teresita Ang See.
- Gathering of sources from decisions of the Department of Justice and the
Supreme Court pertaining to the Chinese in the Philippines. The opinions
of the Secretary of Justice and Supreme Court are precedent setting and
have great impact on policies on the Chinese in the Philippines.
- Documentation and photographing of data from Chinese clan and ancestral halls in the country.
This provides data on the establishment of the clan or ancestral halls —
the ancestor of origin in China, how the group was formed, who were the
founding members, and other pertinent information.
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Support and collaboration with scholars in China and elsewhere for research on the Chinese in the Philippines
- Publication of Zhou Nanjing´s research, The Philippines and
the Ethnic Chinese (in Chinese, 1993), Huang Zhi-seng's Essays on Philippine-Chinese
Problems (in Chinese, 1998), and English translation of Liang Shang-Wan's
Wha Chi Memoirs (1998).
- Assistance to Dr. Bernard Kwok Chu Wong (Australia),
Yung Li Yuk-wai (University of Hong Kong), and others on their research
(e.g. Ph.D. dissertations) on the Chinese in the Philippines. Dr. Wong's
dissertation, The Chinese in the Philippine Economy, 1898-1941, was published
in 1999 by the Ateneo de Manila University Press. That of Yung's was published
in 1995 by the Hong Kong University and was reprinted by the Ateneo in 1996.
- Adviser to several China exchange scholars with Ateneo de Manila University
on their research on the Chinese in the Philippines. This includes Dr. Zeng
Shaocong (Xiamen University), Song Ping, Chen Yande, Jiang Xiting. o Joint
survey with Chinese University of Hong Kong on new Chinese immigrants to
the Philippines. This project is ongoing with Dr. Maria Siumi Tam of the
Anthropology Department of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the authors.
- Research inputs on materials on the Chinese in the Philippines for other
foreign scholars like Lynn Pan when she was preparing the single-volume
Encyclopedia of Chinese Overseas published in Singapore in 1998. Kaisa provided
a number of photographs and other research materials on the Philippine-Chinese
for the encyclopedia. The authors also helped Pan on her chapter on the
Philippine-Chinese in her book Sons of the Yellow Emperor (1990).
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| Other
Financial and Research Collaboration. Financial support and research collaboration
on references to the Chinese in the Philippines in the 12-volume Encyclopedia
on the Overseas Chinese and other research outputs of the Beijing University
in China, as long as they are on ethnic Chinese research. The editor-in-chief
of this project is Prof. Zhou Nanjing of Beijing University. The country
editor for the Philippines is Go Bon Juan. The entire project was solely
funded by Dr. Angelo King, a philanthropist in the Philippines. |
International conferences on ethnic Chinese.
Kaisa hosted two international conferences on ethnic Chinese in Manila:
- Conference on "Changing Identities and Relations in Southeast Asia" sponsored jointly with the Chinese Studies Program of De La Salle University in 1991. This was smaller in scope with about 50 participants from Asia, America, Australia, and the Philippines.
- International
conference on "Intercultural Relations and Cultural Transformation of the
Ethnic Chinese" held in 1998 and sponsored jointly with the Chinese Studies
Program of the Ateneo de Manila University. This conference was on a much
larger scale and held under the auspices of the International Society for
the Study of Chinese Overseas which has Dr. Wang Gungwu as president. More
than 200 delegates from six continents — Asia, North America, South America,
Europe, Africa, and Australia — attended the conference.
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Possible joint
collaborative projects with other institutions on particular topics of interest
and/or institutions which posses a wealth of source materials on the Chinese
in the Philippines.
Most of the projects mentioned above have been conducted
bilaterally. One institution provides funding and the other undertakes the
project, i.e. in the case of the joint project with the Institute of Modern
History in Taiwan, funding was provided for Kaisa to undertake and monitor
the archive microfilming and the tombstone projects. In the case of the
Beijing University, Kaisa sources funding to support the university's research
on overseas Chinese. There have not been collaborative efforts yet with
other institutions on any research project that would be mutually beneficial
to these institutions. Since this conference is on international collaboration,
some of the possible projects which we believe can be undertaken on a collaborative
basis are:
- A databank of library holdings and digitized research materials
that can be readily accessible to any researcher.
- Research on interrelations
and linkages among Chinese families in Southeast Asia. For instance, in
my late husband's family, there are relatives scattered in Malaysia and
Sarawak. My late father's family has relatives in Burma. Connecting these
families are relatives based in Hong Kong. Aside from kinship relations,
there are also linkages among schoolmates. My late husband has a classmate
from National Taiwan University who is now defense minister of Singapore.
He also has a classmate who is a professor in Brazil and other classmates
in Australia and Brunei. How are such direct and indirect links maximized?
How extensive are business connections or guanxi based on these links? This
can be a subject of joint exploratory multilateral research.
- Archive and
other documentary sources in Latin American countries on the Chinese presence
there since it is directly connected to the presence of the Chinese in the
Philippines.
- Joint exploration of archive holdings in Seville, Madrid,
Washington, and London which pertain to the Chinese in the Philippines.
The archives in Spain surely must reveal a lot of new information on the
Chinese community at the time. A researcher once recounted that he saw old
documents in the British Foreign Office referring to letters of some prominent
Chinese who sought British intervention and succor against the Spaniards.
The Washington Archives also has extensive holdings on the Chinese in the
Philippines. The Lilly Library in Indiana University, U.S.A. holds the Boxer
Codex, about 75 photographs of early indigenous natives, including Filipinos
and early Chinese. These materials should be made accessible for joint research.
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